What Does it Take to Be a Firefighter?

Firefighters put out fires, rescue people and animals from dangerous situations, and protect property from damage. The work is dangerous, and firefighters undergo rigorous training and physical conditioning to prepare for the job. Those who have the right mix of skills and traits, including courage, selflessness, teamwork and attention to detail, can become highly respected members of their communities. They also earn the satisfaction of saving lives and reducing property loss during disasters. Firefighters may work for local, county or state fire departments, wilderness firefighting agencies, construction trades, fire-equipment manufacturers or private companies that contract with fire departments to provide emergency services.

Most paid firefighters work in shifts, spending long hours at the fire station waiting for a call. When a call comes in, they put on their personal protective equipment and race to the scene. Firefighters use a variety of tools and equipment to perform their duties, such as chemical retardants, fire hoses, ladders and breathing apparatus. They also must have the ability to quickly assess a situation and take action.

In addition to fighting fires, firefighters are often called upon for emergency medical service calls, hazardous materials incidents and structural collapses. They must be able to recognize and treat serious injuries such as burns, lacerations and shock, and they must be trained in basic life support techniques. Some firefighters are also qualified paramedics.

Firefighters are also responsible for routine maintenance and housekeeping of fire stations, and they conduct inspections and education programs in schools, businesses and civic groups. They can advance in rank by passing written exams and oral interviews and completing probationary periods. Continuing education in areas such as fire science or public administration can enhance career opportunities.

The average salary for a firefighter is about $50,000, with salaries increasing as they gain experience. Many fire departments offer pensions, health insurance and vacation time. In addition to the physical demands of the job, firefighters must endure intense psychological stress and danger from fires, explosions, falls, smoke inhalation and exposure to dangerous chemicals. The mental and emotional strain can lead to substance abuse or suicide.

A major cause of death among firefighters is the structural collapse of a building, which can crush or trap them inside. Other hazards include burning or slipping on wet surfaces, falling from ladders and being struck by moving vehicles or objects. Firefighters are typically required to maintain two-way communication with their fire command center and wear a helmet, safety glasses and hearing protection.

To be considered for a position as a firefighter, candidates must meet minimum qualifications including corrected 20/20 eyesight, a high school diploma or equivalent and pass a background investigation and drug screening. Those who are hired go through a probationary period, during which they work alongside experienced firefighters. Once they have proven their abilities, they are promoted to engineer or lieutenant, and then to captain, battalion chief, assistant chief and fire chief. Those who wish to advance to positions beyond the rank of fire chief typically need a bachelor’s degree in areas such as fire science or public administration.