Types of Fire Trucks

Fire trucks are the vehicles that transport firefighters to an emergency scene, and also carry their tools and equipment. They are often equipped with emergency lights and sirens, as well as communication equipment like two-way radios. While these rigs may look similar to other commercial vehicles, they are specially designed and built for the specific needs of fire departments across the country.

Firetrucks can vary in size and functionality, but they all serve an important role in saving lives and protecting property. The different types of firetrucks include pumper trucks, water tankers and rescue vehicles. While each type of vehicle has its own unique qualities, the most important thing is that they are able to safely and quickly get firefighters to the scene of an emergency.

Pumper fire trucks are the most common type of fire truck, and they provide a critical initial attack in a structure fire. These trucks are able to spray water at a high pressure with various nozzles, allowing them to douse structures in a matter of seconds. They are capable of pumping water from hydrants and other sources for an even larger water supply, allowing them to continue fighting the fire long after other resources have been exhausted.

These fire trucks are usually based on commercial vehicle chassis that are modified with additional features and equipment. Firefighters rely on these vehicles to travel to and from the scene of an emergency, as well as support them once they are at the site. These trucks are typically equipped with audible warning systems, also known as sirens, which emit a series of sounds based on the maneuver they are performing. For example, when driving on a clear road with minimal traffic, a “wail” setting might be used, whereas a more rapid “yelp” sound is often employed for fast maneuvers in heavy traffic.

In addition to water, firetrucks are equipped with an array of tools and equipment for tackling fires. Depending on the department, they may include a full complement of ground ladders, hoses and specialized saws, hazmat gear, forcible entry equipment and Advanced Life Support (ALS) supplies. Many departments also utilize specialized equipment, such as SCBAs, chainsaws and full EMS capabilities, which can be incorporated into certain models of firetrucks.

Firetrucks are also commonly equipped with firefighting foam systems, which can be deployed for a variety of reasons. These systems can saturate materials to suffocate a fire or slow its spread, and they can also be used to extinguish hazardous liquids. Most fire trucks are equipped with a foam system that can be adjusted to the desired application, and these systems are often referred to as a CAFS or Compressed Air Foam System.

As the need for firefighting vehicles grows across the country, different types of firetrucks are being developed to meet the specific needs of local departments. By establishing universal standards and terminology for these vehicles, firefighters can better manage mutual aid requests and ensure that they have the right firetruck for the job at hand.