How to Become a Firefighter

Firefighters are responsible for responding to emergency situations involving fires, hazardous materials and other disasters. They provide emergency medical assistance, fire prevention and education, as well as fire suppression operations. Firefighters usually work in fire departments, which may be part of municipal, county, state or federal government agencies. They also may be hired by private companies to assist with fires, hazardous materials incidents or other emergencies.

Fire fighters are often trained as emergency medical personnel and may be certified as paramedics. Some firefighters are also qualified to operate heavy equipment used in fire suppression.

The occupation requires excellent physical fitness, mental stamina and the ability to perform under pressure in stressful situations. Firefighters are required to wear a substantial amount of personal protective equipment, which not only imposes significant physiological strain due to its weight and insulative properties but also limits their movement and vision. They must be able to function under these conditions while maintaining control of their team and working with heavy equipment.

Despite the challenges of this occupation, many people enjoy it. The career is typically considered to be highly satisfying, with high job satisfaction ratings and a low turnover rate. It is also a relatively safe profession when compared to other occupations with similar responsibilities. However, the dangers of the profession are exacerbated by its physical demands and risk factors such as exposure to toxic gases and smoke, heat and radiation as well as falls from ladders.

People who are interested in becoming firefighters typically start by volunteering with their local fire department. This can be as simple as helping out around the station, or as involved as staffing a fire department booth at a community fair. It is an ideal way to gain firsthand experience in the profession and build a network of contacts. Volunteering can also help prospective firefighters prepare for the rigorous physical examinations that are part of the hiring process.

Most firefighting positions require a high school diploma and completion of a training program at a fire academy. The academy combines classroom learning with hands-on training with actual firefighting equipment and techniques. The academy is designed to test prospective firefighters physically and mentally. Those who pass the academy will enter the fire service as an “apprentice” or “junior” firefighter.

As they acquire more experience, firefighters can become engineers, lieutenants, captains, battalion chiefs and, eventually, fire marshals or chiefs. Some may choose to move into fire inspections or fire investigations after gaining more administrative experience in the fire department.

Generally, firefighters work out of fire stations, which serve as their home base when they are not on an emergency call. Fire stations are equipped with living quarters, dining rooms, training facilities and administrative offices.

During the day, firefighters may train at the fire academy or conduct business inspections and public education. These activities are important to a fire department, as they reduce the risk of fires in the community. Additionally, they can serve as a model for businesses and communities to follow when implementing their own safety programs. In the afternoon, they may respond to emergency calls.