How to Become a Firefighter

Firefighters are highly respected for their heroic service in a dangerous and challenging profession. Their steadfast commitment to saving lives and property has made them an integral part of communities throughout the world. While this career is often considered stressful, firefighters find satisfaction in knowing that they make a difference in people’s lives through their work. Firefighters typically have a busy schedule of office work, training activities and emergency response duties. During calls, they must wear heavy protective gear, and drive and operate fire trucks, equipment and other vehicles. Depending on the area, they may also respond to calls for hazardous materials incidents and natural disasters. Firefighters are organized into units called engine companies, truck companies and ladder companies that operate in tandem to perform a variety of tasks at incident scenes.

Fire fighting has changed over the centuries with the introduction of improved equipment and techniques. Early firefighters used hooks and chains to create firebreaks, which were large walls of flammable material that separated the fire from buildings. Later, firefighting got an edge with the invention of the hand pumper, which allowed a crew to extinguish burning houses more quickly and efficiently. The foreman of the pump company would use a large “speaking trumpet” to give orders and encourage his team on.

Those who wish to become firefighters must pass an entrance examination and undergo extensive training at a fire academy. During this time, they learn how to identify and manage the risks of a fire, as well as how to safely perform rescue operations. They are also trained in basic medical care, and some countries require that firefighters be Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). In addition, they must be physically fit enough to move around in heavy gear, carry hose lines and climb through high buildings and other structures in all types of weather.

In addition to a high level of physical fitness, firefighters must have excellent problem solving skills and be able to think clearly in stressful situations. They must be able to follow detailed instructions and keep calm while facing extreme heat, smoke and other dangers. The physical demands of the job can cause serious injuries and even death. Many firefighters experience long-term health problems due to chronic exposure to toxins and carcinogens.

As part of their career, firefighters are required to participate in continuing education programs and complete college degrees to improve their chances of advancement. They can rise through the ranks, from firefighter to engineer and then to lieutenant, captain, battalion chief, assistant chief and finally, fire chief.

The average salary for a firefighter is $24,500, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The top 10 percent earn more than $38,800, while the bottom 20 percent make less than $23,200. In some areas, firefighters receive benefits such as life insurance, disability and pension plans. In other areas, they are not provided with these options. Some firefighters volunteer to help their communities. Others find jobs with wilderness firefighting agencies, state fire organizations, construction trades or at fire-equipment manufacturers.