Types of Fire Extinguishers

A fire extinguisher can save lives and property, but only if it’s used properly. Choose the right fire extinguisher for your home and keep it in a handy location, such as the kitchen or garage. Several different types of fire extinguishers exist, so learn about the different classes of fire and which one suits your needs best.

Class A fire extinguishers put out ordinary combustible materials, including wood, paper, cloth and rubber. Class B fire extinguishers are for flammable liquids such as grease, gasoline and oil, and Class C fire extinguishers protect against electrical equipment fires like appliances or tools. Multipurpose extinguishers, which cover Class A through Class C, are also available. Look for the “UL Listed” or “ULC Listed” label to ensure your extinguisher meets the requirements of a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

These fire extinguishers spray water, which works on the surface of the fire to cool it and suffocate the flames by cutting off oxygen supply. Because they are so easy to maintain, they are frequently found in shops, offices, retail premises, schools, hotels and domestic properties. They are usually not recommended for use on burning fat (Class F), burning metals (Class D) or electrical fires, because the water they discharge can cause shock.

Some water extinguishers have a jet or spray nozzle that allows you to direct the stream of water over the fire. Others have a foam or powder-like agent that absorbs heat from the fire and suffocates the flames. These types of extinguishers are often recommended for use on Class A, Class B and Class C fires. They may not be effective on energized electrical fires, however, and should never be used to tackle an electrical fire because they can cause electrocution.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers contain a powdered agent that is effective on Class A, Class B and Class C type fires. They are usually rated to hold up to 40 pounds of pressure. Some models are tamper-proof and feature a red pin that must be pulled before the fire extinguisher can be activated. Dry chemical fire extinguishers require routine care to prevent the agent from clogging. They should be inspected for dents, leaks and other damage at least once a month, and shaken occasionally to mix the agent.

When using a fire extinguisher, stand with the exit at your back and stay several feet away from the fire. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire and squeeze the lever slowly and evenly. Remember the four-step PASS procedure: pull, aim, sweep and stop. It is important to have a backup plan, such as calling 911 or having a buddy, in case the fire extinguisher fails to work or is not used properly. Aim low and move the nozzle side-to-side as you sweep the fire to make sure it is completely extinguished. Check your fire extinguishers regularly for dents or damage, and have them serviced when required, usually every five years.